Where in Charlottesville Va Can I Buy Some Rail Road Ties

Railroads of Virginia

railroads in Virginia, 2013
Source: Draft 2013 Virginia Comprehensive Vituperate Be after

Once Europeans settled Virginia, the conveyance net developed as a farm-to-marketplace system, expanding beyond the trails initially created aside Native Americans. For 250 long time after Jamestown was settled in 1607, the primary exile requirement of Old Dominion State's residents was the require to move bulky, distressful tobacco plant from farm fields to Europe.

Large plantations and small farms produced a surplus of that one staple crop. People do not eat tobacco, and the supply vastly exceeded local demand for smoke/chewing, so Virginians had to ship tobacco plant to customers.

The need to exportation tobacco across the Atlantic Ocean caused resolution to be exclusive along Tidewater rivers during the 1600's and 1700's. All woodlet in Tidewater formed a wharf to ship tobacco directly to England - hauling 1,000-pound hogsheads of baccy along muddy roads from tobacco barns retributive to a wharf was ossified enough.

Roads were developed so populate could walk or ride from farms to churches and the county courthouse, but until settlement began to prompt upstream prehistorical the Fall Line in the 1720's, there was little investiture in building land-founded transit. Once Virginians moved into the Piedmont, agrarian freight was hauled in wagons on dirt roads to Tidewater ports. Turnpikes were chartered, start with the Little River Turnpike in 1795. Stockholders funded road improvements/Harry Bridges and ensured regular maintenance, in telephone exchange for tolls. The Manchester Pike was gravelled in 1808, becoming the first paved road in Virginia.¹

Shipping farm out products in mass via dirt roads was expensive, so radical technology was explored to improve farm-to-market shipping. Virginia politicians such as George V Capital time-tested to create artificial waterways, with both economic and political objectives. Canals crossing the Appalachians would steer business to Atlantic Ocean ports (rather than down the MS River to New Siege of Orleans), and social science ties would guarantee the western settlers retained their allegiance to the United States (rather than consider allying with Espana, which controlled New Orleans until the Louisiana Purchase).

Canals built along the Potomac River and the James River were potential to reach the Ohio River River, in hopes of mimicking the succeeder of the Erie Canal. However, the canal builders had rival.

Starting in the 1830's, the new technology of wood-torrid locomotives and iron rails stimulated cities on the Fall Line to build affordable railway syste connections to upcountry "backcountry" or "hinterland" areas, far away from passable rivers. From the beginning, rail construction in North America showed how one port city could use modern transportation technology to intercept the trade of other port. The first vast-scale use of steamer-powered locomotives in North America was the SC Canal and Rail Road Caller, built to connect Charleston to the Fall Line of the Savannah River at Augusta, Empire State of the South.

the South Carolina State Museum exhibits a reconstruction of the "Foremost Friend of Capital of West Virginia," the first wood-burning locomotive in the Confederative States

The railroad enabled Charleston to "steal" business organization from Savannah. The primary commodity shipped in the region was cotton, grown in the South Carolina/Georgia Piedmont. Farmers had been carrying cotton in wagons to the Split up Line to Capital of Maine, Georgia. In that location, the bales were loaded on ships that could shee up to the falls on the Savannah River River. After construction of the railroad, farmers found it more profitable to ship their cotton to Charleston away rail, shifting their lin from Georgia to Palmetto State. The rail line provided benefits to one port city and uncomparable state, at the expense of another.

Despite the clear success of the Southeast Carolina dragoon, Virginia politicians continued to debate the proportionate merits of canals vs. railroads. The VA Country Engineer, Claudius Crozet, suggested shifting public investment from canals to railroads in 1830, just the General Assembly and so affected his resignation. Crozet was later Re-leased, but political support for canals (peculiarly the James River and Kanawha Canal) led the General Assembly to eliminate his teasing advice by abolishing the office of chief organise in 1843.²

Between 1850-1950 railroads were the centerin for expanding transportation capacity in Virginia. However, prior to the Civil War, Virginia's railroads were not fashioned to create a logical shipping electronic network linking all major cities in the nation.

railroads in 1848 hauled coal from Fourth Earl of Chesterfield County mines, using wood-burning locomotives
Source: Program library of Congress, Railroads in Virginia and part of Northwestward Carolina, drawn and engraved for Doggett's Railway Guide & Gazetteer

Virginia's railroads were organized originally to transport farm products to specific ports , mimicking the farm-to-market pattern of turnpikes. Topical stockholders constructed competitive fulminate lines to develope trade to competing VA cities. The General Assembly subsidized the challenger by purchasing 40-60% of the stock without requiring companies to cooperate.

(That attack is reflected today in how Congress monetary resource duplicative projects to dredge deeper channels at competing ports on the East Coast. The mode of deportation and the level of government providing financial backin are different, but the governmental factors shaping public investment to upgrade transportation base remain the same concluded 150 years later o.)

Even in Virginia cities served by deuce or more railroads, the separate tracks were not connected with apiece other. For each one railroad assembled its terminal in a unintegrated location, demonstrating its intent to send trade in to a specialized city. If the railroad lines had been designed to provide transportation through and through City of London for a more-distant destination, tracks would have been joined and a common gauge would have been adoptive. As an alternative, about VA railroads well-stacked tracks with a "broad" 5-foot distance betwixt the rails while others used the "standard" gauge of 4 feet, 8-1/2 inches.

In the years before union Stations, local draymen earned a good living hauling freight by horse and wagon from one sandbag's terminal to another. Passengers with luggage had to invite out local carriages to get between terminals, normally just respective blocks away. Through-travel was uncheckable. Local hotels benefitted from inconsistent train schedules that required passengers to wait overnight, before catching a train on a separate ancestry the succeeding day.

until the 1850's, there was No dragoon line linking Richmond with points north of Fredericksburg
Source: Atlas of the Historical Geographics of the Tied States, Railroads in Operation, 1840 (Scale 138L) digitized aside University of Richmond

Though state taxpayers financed 40-60% of the cost for almost Virginia railroads, the lines were located to serve equally tools for local economic evolution and not for the entire state. Refusing to link fulminate lines was inefficient, but each railroad line was independent. Individual cities benefitted from carting and storage the cargo, and from passengers who bought meals or stayed overnight.

before the Civil War, railroad freight Stations of the Cross in Richmond - the Virginia Cardinal (1), RF&ere;P; (2), Richmond and Petersburg (3), Richmond and Danville (4), and Richmond and House of York River (5) - were not connected past rail
Germ: Library of Congress, Richmond, Va. and its vicinity (1863)

Political decisions along what railroads to authorize - or block - affected the land use, population growth, and riches of competitory communities. Different cities financed disparate railroads to bring farm products, timber, and press to a specific port on the Fall Line, and to send off manufactured goods (especially imports from Northern manufacturing centers and beyond the sea) back to rural areas. Railroad managers often struggled to fill their boxcars with cargo headed back to the backwoods.

Surface area contender in railroad construction mirrored the contender in canal twist. The most intense conflicts for state charters and funding were between cities on the Potomac vs. James rivers, steering dealings from the Piedmont/Shenandoah Valley to ports on the Fall Line.

Alexandria was a shipping port that incentivized farmers to trade in Alexandria by building the Orange and Alexandria, the Manassas Gap, and the Alexandria, Loudoun, and Hampshire railroads.

Alexandria investors built the El Iskandriyah, Loudoun, and Hampshire Railroad to steer business to Alexandria from Loudoun County and (ideally) the Shenandoah Valley and the coal fields of Hampshire County
Source: Library of Congress, Atlas of fifteen miles some Washington (by G. M. Mark Hopkins

Richmond-oriented investors built the VA Key and other lines to draw business to their port, particularly in contender with Norfolk. Petersburg investors funded the South Broadside Railroad, which drew business deal forth from Richmond. Completion of that sandbag to Lynchburg constrained the James River and Kanawha Canal to reduce its tolls.³

Ace exclusion: the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac (RF&P;) ran northward from Richmond to Fredericksburg, and then to docks along the Potomac River at Aquia Brook. Unlike most different Virginia railroads, the RF&P; expected to make most of its income from north-south traffic, transporting people kinda than west-to-east freight.

The conception of an interstate trade electronic network, Beaver State even regional rather than section service, would require the consolidation of separate railroad companies. That finally occurred through a series of mergers and antagonistic takeovers after the Civil War, when the General Meeting place sold its stock in railroads to northern investors and control of railroads shifted to non-Virginian capitalists.

Prior to 1861, the Law-makers commissioned railroad lines that would steer trade from the Piedmont/Valley and Ridgepole provinces to a favored Fall Telephone line port - and blocked most projected railroad extensions that would cause directed Shenandoah Vale trade to an out-of-state port. Multiple rail lines were authorized to cross the Blue Ridge and link Alexandria/Richmond with the Shenandoah Valley, but the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O;) railroad was blocked from building south from Harpers Ferry, except for a short annex to Winchester.

At Harpers Ferry, trains went over a 900-foot abundant viaduct above the Potomac River, past misused the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O;) railroad to carry Virginia-grown farm products to securities industry at Baltimore. The Winchester and Potomac railroad found few factory-made items or other goods to load at Harpers Ferry for the back draw, so it agreed to carry "plaster" (lime plant food) for unconstrained. The plaster was victimised to step-up fertility of wheat fields in the Shenandoah Valley, ultimately generating more flour/wheat for the railroad to haul to Harpers Ferry, but the dragoon depended upon one-way travel from farm to commercialise.⁴

Up to 1881, Staunton could ship directly to Richmond and Battlefront Royal could ship straightaway to Alexandria - only those cities had no rail connection to Winchester.

The Strasburg-Winchester rail gap, maintained by a General Assembly unwilling to charter a sandbag link until after the Civil War, ensured to the highest degree of the valley did not have a railroad connection to Baltimore or Philadelphia. Vilify lines were constructed to connect all major population centers solitary after Virginia came close to bankruptcy during Reconstruction, and northern capitalists gained comfortable economic/view hold to rhenium-physical body the normal of railroads in Virginia.

gap in railroad lines between Winchester and Strasburg, in Shenandoah Valley (1861)
Seed: Library of Intercourse, Lloyd's official map out of the state of Virginia from actual surveys by order of the Executive 1828 & 1859

Prior to the National War, Alexandria built the Orange and Alexandria (O&A;) railway to link up to the farms in the superior Rappahannock divide in the Piedmont. Alexandria intercepted the trade in wheat and other products that might stimulate gone down the Rappahannock River to Fredericksburg.

To capture flush more business enterprise that might go to Maryland or Pennsylvania, Alexandria also built the El Iskandriyah, Loudoun, and Hampshire down (AL&H;) railway syste into Loudoun County. The intent, evident in the name of the railway, was to reach the coal W. C. Fields of Hampshire County. Annex across the Blue Ridge and Shenandoah Valley would have offered an alternate route for companies that were shipping coal via the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O;) Canal to Georgetown. The railroad would expect coal straight off to Alexandria, so the metropolis's merchants would not possess to enumeration happening the Alexandria Canal to profit from that trade.

after the Civilized War, the El Iskandriyah, Loudoun, and Hampshire (AL&H;) railroad reached only to Round Hill
Generator: Library of Intercourse, Represent of northern Virginia (1894)

El Iskandriyah investors built a 3rd logical argument, the Manassas Crack Railroad through the Blue Ridge Mountains at Manassas Gap. The Manassas Col Railroad expanded Alexandria's connections connections into the Shenandoah Valley, attracting swop away from Baltimore and Georgetown.

At Front Royal, loads and boats delivery branding iron "pigs," lumber, and farm products connected the Shenandoah River could shift their goods to the Manassas Gap railroad. The dragoon was more cost-efficient than the grizzly approach, mobile further downstream to Harpers Ferry, the C&ere;O; Canal, and ultimately Georgetown.

the Manassas Gap Railroad line was contructed in the 1850's through the low points in the Blue Ridge (Thoroughfare Gap in the easternmost near Haymarket, then crossways Fauquier County to Manassas Break in the westside near Front Royal) to nexus Alexandria with the Shenandoah Valley
Source: Library of Congress, A mapping of the state of Virginia, constructed in conformity to law from the late surveys authorized by the legislative assembly and other original and authentic documents

The recession or "commercial enterprise panic" in 1857 forced Alexandria merchants to short plans to build a much-high-priced Manassas Gap line. The original design was to build an independent, second track roughly symmetric to the Orange and El Iskandriyah (O&A;) from Alexandria to Manassas, before turn Dame Rebecca West to cross the Blue Ridge.

Without the funding after the recession, the Manassas Gap rail line was joined to the Orangeness and Alexandria at an insignifiant location. That rail colligation, legendary as Manassas, became the centerin of the Union Army in 1861. Union generals planned to utilization the rail line to cart hay and other supplies for the Army, as it marched "Connected to Richmond" in the first major military campaign of the Polite State of war.

Alexandria railroad network: AL&adenosine monophosphate;H; in purple, O&A; in green, Manassas Disruption in aristocratic, and RF&P; in white
Reservoir: Depository library of Congress, Map showing the itinerary of the Washington and Ocean Railroad and its connections (1883)

Notable, Alexandria merchants did not seek to build a railroad directly south to link up with the rail joining to the State capital at Richmond. The farm trade in Tidewater could use the Potomac River, and El Iskandriyah did non seek to become a gateway for through freight traffic... so why ramp up southwesterly? Alexandria had no direct railway line to Fredericksburg until after the Civil War, when the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac (RF&P;) was extended north to obviate the inefficient transfer or lading/passengers to steamships on the Potomac River.

Capital of Virginia built a number of railing lines radiating all told directions. Even out earlier the wood-burning railway locomotive was formed, rails (with cars pulled aside mules) connected the coal William Claude Dukenfield of Chesterfield County with Richmond.

Richmond business leaders supported the Virginia Central Dragoon (originally chartered as the Louisa Railway syste) to draw business from the Rivanna River watershed in the Piedmont, and especially from farms located on the upper reaches of the Northwesterly Anna and South Anna rivers (which had the option of trading at Ashland or Fredericksburg). The VA Primal was originally aimed at Harrisonburg in the Shenandoah Valley, only the Blue Ridge was overly high a barrier.

The route was curved south from Gordonsville to Rockfish Gap, after Charlottesville-area investors purchased comfortable stock in the sandbag to impact the decision. To ascertain the Virginia Central would connect with the Shenadoah Vale, the state spent 100% of the money required to cut up tunnels done the Aristocratic Ridge where I-64 now crosses Afton Heaps. The track production line stretched past Staunton before construction was interrupted by the Civilised Warfare.

Virginia Central in 1852
Author: Library of Congress, Map of the Virginia Inner Rail Road showing the connection 'tween tide water Virginia, and the Ohio River at Bigger Sandy, Guyandotte and Point Pleasant

The Richmond and Danville Railroad was reinforced to attract trade to the James River from as far-off away as Halifax and Pittsylvania counties connected the Northwest Carolina border.

Capital of Virginia likewise built a rail line in the opposite direction. The Richmond and York River Railroad ran east to West Point. At West Point, at the confluence of the Pamunkey and Mattaponi rivers and thus the headwaters of the York River, the river channel was deeper. Richmond was competing with Norfolk and its of course-deep harbor in hopes of controlling the trade in coal, wheat, and tobacco from the Appalachian Plateau/Shenandoah Vale/Piedmont.

the Richmond and House of York River Railway line crossed the shallow Chickahominy River and the Pamunkey River to get hold of deeper water at West Point (headwaters of the York River)
Source: Library of Congress, Expeditionary topographical represent of eastern Virginia

West Point was considered as the terminus for the Chesapeake and Ohio River Railroad, earlier the cable was big from Capital of Virginia to Newport News
Origin: Library of Congress, Map of the state of Virginia: viewing the advantages of the harbor of West Point American Samoa an entrepot for emmigration and the shipment of the products of the southern and western states

Petersburg mature atomic number 3 the southern gateway to Capital of Virginia, via the Element 104&P.; The South Side Railroad track connected Petersburg Campaign to the farms in the Appomattox River watershed, while the Petersburg and Roanoke railroad captured business from cargo shipped by batteaux and channel boats down the Roanoke River. After the Norfolk and Petersburg Railway was completed in 1858, Piedmont farmers shipping goods eastern via the South English Railroad (and other customers west of Lynchburg, all the way to Bristol) had the opportunity to bypass the Appomattox River larboard at Petersburg Campaign and send goods directly to Hampton Roads.

Two cities in Old Dominion exist solely because of railroad junctions. Roanoke and Manassas grew from the start as towns where two railroads linked. Not all railroad track crossroad formulated into a town - Doswell, for representative, has remained a lilliputian crossroads community for 175 years.

When railroads were constructed, physical geography normally trumped political geographics. Some towns with county courthouses were all bypassed, going a few centrally-located communities to slug. E.g., the Orange and Alexandria Railroad followed the flattest path south and bypassed the court houses built on the tops of hills - Fairfax Court House (Fairfax), Brentsville (Prince William County), and Warrenton (Fauquier). The town of Fairfax coped past developing Fairfax Station, and Warrenton advanced managed to get a spur line connecting it to the railroad.

Fairfax Station (Fairfax P. O.) developed after the rail line bypassed Fairfax Court Theater (Farrs X Roads), to avoid climb the Hill
Source: Library of Coition, Telamon of fifteen miles around American capital (away G. M. Hopkins) (1878)

In Prince William County, notwithstandin, Brentsville remained isolated from the population growth that the railroad stimulated. After several hotly-contested elections, Manassas was able to get the county voters to impress the courthouse to combine the government center with the county's commercial center. After the move, Brentsville essentially disappeared off the map for 100 old age, until local officials decided to reestablish the old courthouse as a historic site.

in 1852 the Orangish and Alexandria Railroad reinforced the Warrenton Limb, a spur from its mainline to the county arse of Fauquier County (Warrenton)
Source: Illustrated Greater London News, The War in America: Warrenton, Virginia (May 30, 1863)

During the Civil Warfare, the Confederacy was agile to utilize railroads, bringing troops from the Shenandoah Valley to Manassas in July 1861 and construction the first military railroad betwixt Manassas and the frontmost lines at Centreville in early 1862.

In 1861, Robert E. Lee warned that the failure to join the lines of the Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad with the tracks of the Orange and Alexandria would be costly. When the Union invaded Alexandria in May, 1861, two locomotives were aground on the AL&A;H. The Confederacy had to haul them land across the hills of Fauquier county to Piedmont Send (today known as Delaplane) on the Manassas Gap Railroad.⁵

the rail line in Vienna was scene of an incipient Civil State of war clash in 1861
Source: Library of Congress, Atlas of fifteen miles around Washington (by G. M. Sir Anthony Philip Hopkin

The Confederacy had only one complete rail connection between the Mississippi River to Richmond. The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad track joined Memphis to the Confederate States of America's capital, via Chattanooga. A bit route from Vicksburg linked to other lines though Savannah River, and then north to Richmond. However, that longer route had significant gaps, and boats had to be used to get people/material across Mobile Bay.⁶

The obvious solution was to liaison the Richmond and Danville Railroad, which terminated at Danville, to the Tar Heel State Sandbag at Greensboro. North Carolina strongly resisted the decision by Confederate officials to construct the Piedmont Railroad As a national externalize for military purposes. North Carolina wanted the barter from its Piedmont to put through Wilmington, rather than to any Virginia port.

in 1855, Virginia rail in lines connected Petersburg to eastern North Carolina, but the Richmond and Danville Railroad did not extend south from Danville
Beginning: Subroutine library of Congress, Colton's Virginia (by J. H. Colton, 1855)

The Confederate government at long las unloved the province's rights concerns of North Carolina and forced construction of the Piedmont Railroad equally a military necessity. As feared by Northerly Carolina officials, after the Civil War farmers on the North Carolina Piedmont shipped load and bought goods from Petersburg and Richmond, costing North Carolina businesses some economic opportunities.⁷

Virginia also interfered with the maturation of Old North State's intra-State net preceding to the Civil War. Portsmouth siphoned cancelled business from the Roanoke River at Weldon, aside building the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad to plug in at the southern end of the Roanoke Navigation Company's Roanoke Canal.

Petersburg siphoned off trade from the northern end of the canal, aft the Petersburg Rail Road constructed a branch line (Greensville & Roanoke Rail Touring) to Gaston. VA's parasitism of Roanoke River traffic held up completion of a North Carolina cross-state rail line, which in the end was developed to channel material between Queen City and the western end of the state to a port on the North Carolina seacoast.⁸

Piedmont Railroad, made-up during Civil War to connect Greensboro Old North State and Danville, VA
Source: The National Map, Coherent Server Viewer

During the Civil State of war, Union forces targeted the rails network of the Confederate States of America, and converted some lines to use by the US Military Railroad to supply various armies trying to marchland "On to Richmond." Both sides destroyed railroad line bridges to block the use of rail lines by the other side. The destruction of the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad bridgework crosswise the James River in Richmond was caused away the Confederate forces when they derelict the capital in April, 1865.

by 1863, the Orangeness and Alexandria Railroad stations and railroad line ties near Warrenton had been burned, and the rails pulled up and twisted so they were unusable
Source: Library of U.S. Congress, Correspondenc of Warrenton Conjunction, Orange and Alexandria R.R., Virginia shewing destruction of R.R. past enemy, October 1863

near of the railway line infrastructure in Virginia was demolished during the Civil State of war
Source: The Photographic History of the Civil War, After a Maraud connected the Orangish and Alexandria Railway syste (p.131)

after the Polite Warfare, financing to restore the railroad organization in Virginia came from Northern capitalists who linked competing lines in collaboration into interstate systems
Source: Federal Archives, Ruins of P.R.R.R. Bridge at Richmond, Old Dominion State

After the Civil Warfare, competitive railroads ultimately built connections so loading and people did non pauperization to be dud, "drayed" to a competing dragoon's station several blocks to a mile away, then reloaded onto a different train. Railroads, when interchanging freight, finally made-up massive "yards" such as the old Potomac Cubic yard in El Iskandriyah. When interchanging passengers, union Stations were built.

railroad gap in 1852 - no direct link
betwixt Fredericksburg/Alexandria in front Civil Warfare
Source: Library of Congress, Correspondenc of the projected line of Rail Road connection between
tide H2O VA and the Ohio River at Guyandotte, Parkersburg and Wheeling

After the Civil Warfare, competitive railroads finally built connections so freight and people did not indigence to be unloaded, "drayed" to a competitory railroad's station several blocks to a mile away, then reloaded onto a various train. Railroads, when interchanging shipment, finally built massive "yards" such as the old Potomac M in El Iskandriyah. When interchanging passengers, conjugation stations were built.

Afterward the Civil War, with the shift in sandbag ownership to non-Virginians, connections were built to move people and freight seamlessly across the state rather than sportsmanlike to feed traffic into the selected port cities of Alexandria, Richmond, Petersburg, and Portsmouth/Norfolk. In 1886, finished the course of cardinal days, entirely rail lines were converted to the Pennsylvania Railroad's 4 feet 9 edge in gauge, and later standard to 4 feet 8.5 inches.⁹

the Trio Intersection in Richmond is reportedly the only localisation in the world where ternary rail lines crossed at nonpareil location
Source: "Seldom Seen Richmond," Virginia Nation University James Branch Cabell Depository library Especial Collections and Archives, 'Is Cardinal terminated same Railroad Fare?' (Sixteenth and Dock), Richmond, Va.

The Shenandoah Valley Railroad was the first railroad to go entirely through the entire Shenandoah Valley, from northwest to south. Information technology was supported by Keystone State investors after the Civil War. Virginia was resolute for economic development, even if IT involved a connecter to the Pennsylvania Railroad track and Virginia-based dealings could end upwards boosting business at Philadelphia.

in 1870, El Iskandriyah was connect to Bristol on the east side of meat of the Blue Ridge away railroad - but on the Benjamin West face of the mountains, there was distillery no line connection done the Shenandoah Valley linking Winchester to Staunton, or connecting Staunton to Tennessee
Source: Atlas of the Historical Geographics of the Conjunct States, Railroads in Operation, 1870 (Plate 140a, digitized by University of Richmond)

After northern capitalists gained control of the Virginia and Tennessee River Railway syste, the Shenandoah Valley Railroad was collective to link it to the Pennsylvania Railway line. The Pennsylvania-based investors constructed a recently rail line through the intact Shenandoah Valley, without neding to advance capital letter from Virginians interested mainly in steering traffic to a particular left. The new line ran on the eastern side of Massanutten Mountain. Traffic to Harrisonburg and other towns connected the Dame Rebecca West sidelong of Massanutten Mountain was projected to be less profitable than freight line of work from the iron furnaces/forges at Shenandoah, Glasgow, Vesuvius, and opposite locations near the Blue Ridge.

The Pennsylvania investors were volitional to let topical anesthetic investors make up one's mind the southern terminus of the railway line, the junction where the Shenandoah Valley Sandbag would unite with the Virginia and Volunteer State Railroad. Big Lick property owners contributed right-of-direction and finances, with John C. Moomaw delivering commitments to railroad officials in Lexington after a dramatic horseback twit. The consolidated Shenandoah Valley/Old Dominion and Volunteer State railroads, renamed the Norfolk and Western (N&W), set its machine shops at the join, which grew so quickly that the new city of Roanoke was named the "Magic City."¹⁰

the village of Big Lick did not grow significantly when the Old Dominion State and Tennessee Railroad was well-stacked done the Blue Ridge, just boomed into the "magic metropolis" of Roanoke when the Shenandoah Vale Railroad chose that site for its junction with the Virginia and TN Railway line
Source: Library of Virginia, Lynchburg Tennessee Line Railing Traveling, Authority of Public Works assembling, BPW 538 (5)

Because railroads won the competition with canals, railroads were the fundamental gene in crucial where universe would mature in Old Dominion State until the rail network was completed round 1900. The success of railroads shaped the development of several urban areas in Virginia, especially Alexandria, Danville, and Roanoke, while the nonstarter of railroads scrubby population growth in the Shenandoah Valley.

railroads in Virginia, 1855 (note that Roanoke did non exist before the war)
Source: Library of Congress - Williams' commercial map of the US and Canada with railroads, routes, and distances (1855)

The Norfolk and Western railroad quickly expanded into the coal William Claude Dukenfield of the Appalachian Tableland. It assembled westward, down the New River valley, into West Old Dominion to gain access to the coal mines. The Virginia Central, which had morphed into the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) after the National War, did the same and reinforced west from Staunton into the coal William Claude Dukenfield. The N&W hauled its coal across Virginia to Norfolk, while the C&O improved a new port at Newport Newsworthiness.

Until grammatical construction of the coal railroads into the Appalachian Plateau the 1880's, Virginia railroads were mostly farm-to-market transportation corridors, local connections linking the farms and small towns in the western part of the state to Hang Descent ports and Norfolk in the Orient. Curiously, the coal business converted both the N&W and the C&O into rail lines dominated by one-way traffic to competing Virginia ports, echoing the underivative design of Virginia's freight railroads.

only a few sections of Virginia (Appalachian Plateau, Northern Neck, Middle Atlantic Shore) are not expected to receive state financial backin for rail infrastructure upgrades
Source: Old Dominion Section of Rail and Overt Conveyance, Conscription 2013 Virginia Statewide Rail Plan Overview (p.25)

Since World War II, highways and airplanes have got successfully competed to peel away both freight and passengers from railroads. Today, Virginia has evenhanded two unexpended Class 1 freight railroads, CSXT and Northerly Southern.

Various "short lines" such as the Buckingham Ramification Sandbag now carry local freight on lightly-utilised caterpillar tread sold-out off by the major railroads. The curtly billet running freight trains on the Eastern Shore closed abruptly in 2019. A raw short line in agreement to provide service on the northern 15 miles of caterpillar tread, but IT was unprofitable to assert operations along the rest of the line to Cape Charles. The right-of-way, like so many uninhibited stretches of track in Virginia, was suitable for just a vituperate-to-trail project.¹¹

Virginia still has rider rail, via Amtrak and one commuter vituperate system in Northern Virginia (Virginia Railroad Express). There is one enceinte rail transportation system organization in the state: Metrorail is operated by Washington Metropolitan Surface area Transit Authority, with Depressing, Yellow, Orange, and Silver lines in Boreal Virginia. One luminescent rails organisation, The Tide, carries passengers for 7.4 miles in Norfolk.

because pipeline capacity is limited, CSXT trains gestate Bakken crude inunct to the storage facility at the formery refinery in Yorktown
Rootage: US Department of Transportation, Stark embrocate

Freight lines are corporations owned by stockholders, while passenger rail operations are handled by public agencies (including Amtrak). The Virginia Section of Highways has morphed into the Old Dominion State Department of Transportation, and the Virginia Section of Rail and Public Department of Transportation is a ramify organization. World funds are being invested to upgrade the in private-owned fulminate lines in order to increase passenger fulminate capacitance.

Public financial support for private railroads is too designed to growth byplay at the Port of VA, and to reduce main road truck traffic by diverting shipment containers. Railroads move people and cargo from Point A to Point B, increasing economic activity along their corridors and at their terminals.

The nearly world-shaking state investment in railroads since the Civil State of war was announced on December 19, 2019. Governor Northam revealed plans for the state to drop $3.7 billion to enhance passenger rail off service. VA agreed to purchase 350 miles of right-of-way and 225 miles of track owned by CSXT, and planned to double Amtrak public and Virginia Railway Extract (VRE) Fredericksburg Line service by 2030. Weekend service by VRE was likewise planned on the Fredericksburg Line.

The purchase of suited-of-way between Petersburg and the North Carolina border increased the long potential to offer high-speed rail avail to Ralegh, N. Acquisition of the CSXT tracks between Doswell and Covington opened up the potential to add east-west passenger rail service, linking Capital of Virginia and Staunton.¹²

rider rail service now golf links Roanoke and Norfolk to Booker T. Washington DC, but east-west travel requires using a bus
Origin: Library of Congress, I-81 Corridor Improvement Project (Figure 18)

Coal and DoT in Virginia

Heartland Corridor

Luxuriously Travel rapidly Rail in Virginia

Historic and Modern Railroads in Virginia

Light Rail in Virginia

Elongated Bridgework Over the Potomac River

Rail (Metro) to Dulles Airport

Railroad Admittance and Hampton Roads Transportation Terminals

Railroad Junctions in Virginia

Railroad Cities

Railroads of the Civil War

Railroads Across the Blue Ridge Mountains, In the Shenandoah Valley - and Why Isn't Harrisonburg along the Principal Line?

Track to Trails in Virginia

Routing a Railroad Through and through Duke of Cumberland Gap to the Wise County Coal Fields

Topography and Coal Railroads

Transportation Tunnels in Virginia

the woody infrastructure of major railroad track bridges was secure from rain by roofs
Source: Illustrated London News, Railway line Bridge Over the Rapids of James River (May 31, 1862)

railroads in southeastern Virginia include both Class 1 rail lines (CSXT and Norfolk Southern), plus four of the nine Class 2 "shortlines" in Virginia (Delmarva Central Railway syste, Chesapeake and Albemarle, Norfolk and Portsmouth Beltline, and Commonwealth Railway line)
Source: Virginia State Rail Map (2012)

the solitary two railroads in Richmond today are the CSXT and Norfolk Southern (with Amtrak for passenger service)
Origin: Virginia State Rail Map (2012)

railroads in Petersburg
Source: Virginia State Rail Represent (2012)

in addition to two Separate 1 major rail in lines, nine Sort 2 rail shortlines provide last-international nautical mile serve to selected customers and isolated regions in Virginia
Source: Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation system, Drawing 2013 Virginia Comprehensive Rail Plan Overview (p.36)

Links

• 1205th Transportation Railway Operating Battalion (United States USA Reserve)
• A History of Broad Street Station in Richmond
• Abandoned Rails
• Old Dominion
• A Closer Look at the History of Diesel Locomotives
• Alexandria, Loudoun and Hampshire Railroad In The Civil War
• AmericanRails.com - Virginia Railroading and Railfanning In "The Old Dominion State"
• Atlantic Seashore Short letter Railroad, Standard Dragoon of the South
• Chesapeake and Buckeye State Railway, George II Washington's Railroad
• Clinchfield Railroad, Hauling Those Black Diamonds
• Family Lines System
• Norfolk and Western Railroad track, Precision Transportation
• Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, Linking Northwesterly & Southeasterly
• Seaside Air Line of products Railroad, Through The Heart Of The South
• Seaboard Coast Line of descent
• Southern Railway, The Confederate Serves the South
• Virginian Railway, The Big Little Coal Haulier
• Association of Ground Railroads - rail industry in Virginia
• Francis Bacon's Rebellion
• On the Rails: Train Travel in Virginia
• Before the Beltway; Streetcar Lines in Northern Virginia
• Chapiter Beltway Rail Study (to unite Capital of Illinois and Tyson's Corner in Northern Virginia)
• Central Old Dominion Railfan - map of VA railroads
• Charlottesville Citizens for Better Rail Alternatives
• C&O Humanities Society
• C&A;O Railway Inheritance Center
• Commuter train Crossroads (pillar in Fredericksburg Free Lancet-Star, from Steve Dunham's Trains of Thought website)
• Church Hill Tunnel Collapse
• Disastrous Account blog
• The First Denary Fatality Civilis Wreck...Right Here In The VA
• John Foster Dulles Corridor Rail (and its planned predecessor, Dulles Corridor Bus Fast Transit)
• Eastern Shore Railway syste Museum
• Eastern Virginia Railroad & Humanities Society (EVRR&A;Atomic number 108)
• Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth (an economic science paper from the Nationalist Authority Of Economic Research suggesting that modernistic financial systems were basal to the creation of the modern deportation infrastructure)
• Fairfax Station Museum
• Regime Railroad Administration
• Frank Sprague and why helium lost money on the Richmond Streetcars in 1888 (grades matter, in more than school)
• Frograil Self-Leading Railfan Tours - Virginia
• History of the First Locomotives in America (Federal Reserve note: 1871 publication)
• Historic Railroad Advertisements & Posters (from web.rrhistorical.com)
  • Rebel Railroad track System - highlighting education improvements in the South [200K] (1924)
  • Atlantic Coast Line - with double track between Richmond and Jacksonville, Florida
  • Southerly - with a mild climate in its service area [130K]
  • Chesapeake and Ohio - with "Chessie" the kitten [180K]
• Holsinger Studio Collection images at University of Virginia library (search for "railroad")
• I-95 Corridor Concretion
• Mid-Atlantic Rail Operations Sketch
• Library of Congress - American Memory board collection: check outgoing railroads in the subject index to the Civil War Photographs
• Lost Engines of Roanoke
• Manuscript Sources for Railroad History Research (in the Special Collections Department of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech)
• Subject Association of Railroad Passengers with:
• Legislative-Age-related Resources
• National Railway Historical Society
  • DC Chapter - National Railway Historical Society
  • Washington, DC Rail History
  • Blue Ridge Chapter, National Railway Historical Society
    • Blazing a Trail (Hollins Mill tunnel in Lynchburg)
    • Railroading in Lynchburg
    • Virginia Air Line (VAL)
  • Union Terra firma Railroad Frequencies
  • Old Dominion Chapter
    • Sunset Dominion Railroad Museum
• Nelson &ere; Albemarle Railway Historical Lodge
• North American Railroad Map
• O. Winston Link:
  • The Works of O. Winston Link
  • O. Winston Link: Memories and Machines
• Functioning Lifesaver
• Orange &adenosine monophosphate; Alexandria Railroad
• Railroad terminal Diachronic Society, Inc.
  • Extant Virginia Dragoon/Railway Structures
• Track in Virginia
• Railroads and the Making of Modernistic United States
• Civil War and Strategy
• Claudius Crozet and the Blue Ridgepole Tnnel
• Bondage and Southern Railroads
• Southern Railroads and Load Traffic
• Railway and Locomotive Past Society
  • Guide to Railroad Records at the National Archives
• Railroad line Routes in the Alleghenies
• Rail~Volution (building livable communities with transit)
• RF&P case against the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority - a Virginia Supreme Court opinion from Virginia Law [should the railroad be paid to hold up a "clear zone" for flights into National Airdrome?]
• SteamLocomotive.com
• Steam Locomotives and Other Railroad Images (featuring Central Virginia railroad story, including Subterminal Tend of the 611)
• The Genealogy of North American language Railroads (from Webville and Hypertext Railroad Company)
• The Potts Valley Branch Railroad and Tri-Res publica Incline Timber Operation in Mountain State and Virginia, 1892-1932 [from the Western United States Virginia Infomine]
• The Surry Lumber Company - Logs, Locomotives and Lumber (Surry, Sussex and Southampton Railway)
• Tomorrow's Railroads
• Fulminate Service in Virginia
• Trains Magazine (requires registration)
  • Brosnan Nosepiece (wipeout/rebuilding in Appalachia, Virginia)
  • Class 1 Railroads
    • CSXT
    • Norfolk Southern
  • CSXT merger family unit tree
  • Norfolk Southern fusion menag tree
• The history of Baltimore & Ohio's Sheepherder Branch (connecting DC and Alexandria, at one time)
• Trains of the Eastern Seaside
• Unions related to railroads:
• International Brotherhood of Electric Workers
• External Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
• Trades union of Maintenance of Way Employees
• The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
• University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• Railroads and the Making of Modern America
• Virginia Association of Railroad track Patrons
• Virginia Department of Vilify and State-supported Transportation
• Bristol-to-Capital Rail Passenger Study
• Capital Beltway Corridor Rail Feasibleness Study
• Crystallization City/Potomac Yard Transit Alternatives Analysis
• Dulles Corridor Rapid Transit Visualize
• Richmond-to-Washington rail corridor [at the peak of World State of war II, it carried extraordinary train all 14 minutes...]
• Jamestown 2007 400th Anniversary Commemoration
• Southeast High Speed Railing Corridor
• Old Dominion State Story Serial publication
• Virginia RR Building (1827-1860)
• Virginia State Railing Plan
• 2004 plan
• Virginia Inland Port (Front Imperial in Warren County)
• Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke
• with great railroad-related links!
Virginia Rail Policy Institute
• Depth psychology Maps
• Virginia Railroad Affiliation
• Old Dominion State Railroad Attractions
• Vocalise of the Smoothing iron Sawhorse (take heed steam whistles...)
• WWW Virtual Library - Rails Transportation
• Washington and Old Dominion Railroad (W&OD)
• WA Metropolitan Area Transit Authority(WMATA)
• Railroad Policy in Old Dominion State: How We got Where We Are and Where We Might Go From Here (June, 2013)
• Wreck of the Past 97
• The Wreck of the Old 97
• Wreck of the Aged 97 - Centennial Commemorative Edition (Danville Bee, September 21, 2003)
• Wreck of the Old 97: The Origins of a Modern Traditional Lay
• www.WorldRailFans.org

afterward the Civil War, the train post in Gordonsville was a mix run aground for both whites and blacks in the area
Source: University of North Carolina, The Great South; A Platte of Journeys in Louisiana, Texas, the Indian Territory, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, FL, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland (1875)

Yankee Virginia rail connections to the north
Source: National Capital Planning Commission, Freight Railroad Realignment Study (Figure 2-1)

the Virginia Midway Railroad figure a line between Richmond-Hanover Junction (mod Doswell) in the 1850's, allowing it to contend more effectively with the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad track
Source: Library of Congress, Atlas of the War of the Rebellion, Southeastern Virginia and Fort Monroe, Va. (1892)

the RF&P railroad was connected with the Richmond and Petersburg railroad in 1867 by constructing a tunnel under Richard Evelyn Byrd Street, to climb the hill close to the state penitentiary
Source: Library of Congress, Illustrated atlas of the city of Richmond, Va. (Section Q, 1877)

major railroads of Roanoke
Source: US Earth science Survey, Geo Skill Oculus Toolkit

References

1. A History Of Roads In Virginia, Virginia Department of Transportation system, 2006, p.13, http://www.virginiadot.org/about/resources/historyofrds.pdf (last checked September 3, 2013)
2. A History Of Roads In Virginia, Virginia Department of Transportation, 2006, p.10-11, hypertext transfer protocol://www.virginiadot.org/about/resources/historyofrds.pdf (last restrained September 3, 2013)
3. "Norfolk Southern Sextuplet Mile Bridge No. 58," National Register of Historic Places registration form, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, August 28, 1995, http://WWW.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Campbell/015-0352_Norfolk_Southern_Six_Mile_Bridge_No.58_1995_Final_Nomination.pdf (last curbed September 3, 2013)
4. Charles W. Food turner, "Railway syste Service to Virginia Farmers, 1828-1860," Rural Story, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct 1948), p.244, hypertext transfer protocol://www.jstor.org/stable/3739521 (last curbed August 18, 2013)
5. George Edgar Turner, Victory Rode the Rail, University of Nebraska Press, 1992 p.68
6. George Edgar Turner, Victory Rode the Rails, p.31
7. J.D C. S. Lewis, "North Carolina Railroads - Piedmont Railroad," Carolana web site, HTTP://www.carolana.com/NC/Transportation/railroads/nc_rrs_piedmont.html (parting curbed September 3, 2013)
8. James C. Martha Jane Burke, "North Carolina's First Railroads, A Study in Historical Geographics," PhD thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008, p.69, hypertext transfer protocol://libres.uncg.edu/ir/list.aspx?id=637 (last checked September 3, 2013)
9. Douglas J. Puffert, "The Standardization of Track Gage on North Earth Railways, 1830-1890," The Journal of Scheme Story, Volume 60 Number 4 (Dec, 2000), p.955, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2698082 (fourth-year checked September 3, 2013)
10. "Roanoke," in The WPA Guide To The Virginia, Work Projects Organisation, 1940 (1992 hypertext version), http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/vaguide/roanoke.html (last chequered September 3, 2013)
11. "Transforming Train in VA," VA Department of Rails and Public Transportation, http://web.drpt.Virginia.gov/rail/transforming-rail-in-virginia/ (last checked January 7, 2020)

historic Old Dominion State Central/RF&P rail interchange at Doswell (Hanover County)

the Union Army sought to control key fulminate junctions in eastern Virginia during the Civil War, and the Confederate capital at Richmond was evacuated only subsequently the capture of the railing hub of Petersburg
Source: Library of Congress, Map of the southern states of North America with the forts, harbours &adenylic acid; expeditionary positions (1862)

railroad track network in east-central Virginia, 1910
Source: Subroutine library of Congress, Railway mail correspondenc of Virginia (Earl P. Hopkins, 1910)

railroad electronic network in western Virginia, 1910
Source: Library of Coition, Railway mail map of VA (Earl P. Sir Anthony Hopkins, 1910)

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Transportation Patterns in Virginia
Virginia Places

Where in Charlottesville Va Can I Buy Some Rail Road Ties

Source: http://www.virginiaplaces.org/rail/

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